Glossary 2

2. Effective Vocabulary

Contemporary vocabulary used for book reports may need to be studied. Here is a list of effective words that will add a refined touch to your writing.

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The entries have been organized alphabetically:

ABCDE FGHIJ KLMNO PQRST UVWXYZ

 abridge:
   v. to make shorter, smaller or to condense.

 allege:
   v. to declare or assert positively usually without proof.

 alliteration:
   n. the repetition of the same consonant sound in closely positioned words, as in "Sing a song of sixpence."

 allusion:
   n. a brief reference to a person, place, or event assumed to be sufficiently well known to be recognized by the reader.

 allude:
  v.  to mention without going into any detail; refer to indirectly in a general way.

 a posteriori:
   Latin:  inductively, a conclusion from experiences or observations.

 a priori:
   Latin:  deductively, from general rule to specific instance; presumptive.

 antagonist:
   n. a person who opposes, fights, or competes with another; opponent; rival.

 antagonistic:
   adj. actively in opposition to.

 assert:
   v. to say in a clear, sure way; to state in a positive manner.

 circumlocution:
   n. a long way of saying something; talking all around a subject without coming to the point.

 colloquial:
   adj. containing the words and phrases that are used only in everyday talk; related to ordinary, conversational language usage.

 concordance:
   n. an alphebetical index indicating reference passages, as from a writer's work.

 decipher:
   v. to translate from secret writing or code into ordinary language; to decode, as a message.

 deduce:
   v. to figure out by reasoning from known facts or general principles; to conclude from specific information; to infer.

 deductive:
   adj. related to reasoning that begins with a known premise and works to a conclusion.

 dénouement:
   French:  a conclusion, outcome, or final solution.

 dialogue (British English) or dialog (American English):
   n. a conversation between two or more parties; the parts of a novel that are conversation.

 digress:
   v. to wander from the subject that one has been writing about; to ramble off the point.

 dictum:
   Latin: n. an authoritative saying or maxim.

 disclosure:
   n. a disclosing, an exposure, revelation, or explanation.

 episode:
   n. any happening or incident that forms a part of a whole story, life, history, etc.

 episodic:
   adj. characterized by incidental details and vaguely related incidents.

 homonym:
   n. a word with the same pronunciation, but with a different spelling and meaning. "Bore" and "boar" are homonyms.

 hyperbole:
   n. an exageration of the literal facts; a way of writing to make something seem greater or better than it is; It is hyperpole to say "John is as strong as an ox."

 leitmotif or leitmotiv:
   German:  n. leading motive in music or literature; a basic underlying, recurrent theme.

 localism:
   n. a word, an expression, or a custom which is typical of a specific region.

 loquacious:
   adj. talking very much; too talkative.

 memorabilia:
   n. a collection of all sorts of (objects) information as from the past.

 milieu:
   French: n. a general environment or setting.

 monologue:
   n. a long (often boring) speech by one person during a convcersation.

 non sequitur:
   Latin:  a conclusion that does not follow logically from the premise.

 portfolio:
   n. a flat case for carrying loose papers, drawings; a collection of documents on a topic or an individual; a selection of representative works.

 posthumous:
   adj. published after the author died; taking place after death.

 postulate:
   v. to suppose to be true or real as the first step in proving an argument; to assume truth without proof; take for granted.

 premise:
   n. a statement or belief that is taken for granted and is used as the basis for a theory, argument, etc.; a basic statement or position from which one develops an argument.

 prologue:
   n. introductory material to a written work
[Chaucer's General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales].

 pseudonym:
   n. a name used by an author in place of his real name
[O. Henry is the pseudonym of William Sydney Porter].

 rethorical:
   adj. related to the use of the various devices of effective writing or speech; a rhethorical question is a question asked, not to evoke a reply, but to achieve rethorical emphasis stronger than a direct statement. Example:

What's in a name? that which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet.
[Romeo and Juliet, II. ii. 43]

 superfluous:
   adj. more than is needed; unnecessary.

 syllogism:
   n. a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. Example:

All mammals have warm blood.
Whales are mammals.
Therefore, whales have warm blood.

 synonymous:
   adj. having similar or equivalent meaning.

 synthesis:
   n. a combining of diverse elements into one entity; the putting together of parts or elements so as to make a whole.

 theory:
   an explanation of how or why something happens, especially one based on scientific study and reasoning [Darwin's theory of evolution] or the general principles on which an art or science is based [music theory].1

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1Elliott L. SMITH, Contemporary Vocabulary, (New York:  St. Martin's Press, 1979) p. v-315.